滴灌条件下配方施肥对坝上地区大白菜生产的影响

摘要

In order to optimize the Chinese cabbage fertilizer rate,determine the N,P,K ratio and fer-tilization time, fertilization method, the experiment about fertilization under drip irrigation had been de-signed and carried out in northwest of Hebei Province. Contrast test was adapted to design and comparison with the traditional fertilizer on Chinese cabbage,determined yield and quality indexes and N,P,K nu-trient content in soil after harvest,conductivity change status. The results showed that formulate fertilizer could promote plants to absorb nutrient utilization, whole plant N, P2O5, K2O absorption increase of 11.81%, 42.67% and 30.37% respectively, significantly improve the quality, and major soluble solids, soluble sugar content increased by 14.47% and 38.85% in Chinese cabbage respectively, nitrate content was reduced by 45.10%. The net weight of yield was increased 10 545.00 kg/hm2, rate of growth was 9.14%. Chinese cabbage after harvest of 0-40 cm soil layer soil fertility levels were higher than before engraftment, comparison with CK nitrate nitrogen content was lower, available phosphorus and available potassium content increased. The results showed that compared with traditional fertilization,formulated fer-tilization reduced N inputs and increased P,K inputs,better ratio about N,P,K was 1:0.44:0.93.%为了优化张家口坝上地区滴灌条件下大白菜的氮磷钾施肥量与施肥比例，采用对比试验设计，以传统施肥为对照，研究了配方施肥对大白菜产量和品质以及大白菜收获后土壤氮磷钾养分含量和电导率的影响。结果表明：与传统施肥相比，采用配方施肥能够促进植物对养分的吸收利用，全株N、P2O5、K2O吸收量增幅分别为11.81%、42.67%和30.37%；明显提升大白菜品质，净菜的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量分别提高14.47%和38.85%，硝酸盐含量降低45.10%；增加净菜产量10545.00 kg/hm2，增产率9.14%；大白菜收获后0~40 cm土层的土壤肥力水平高于定植前，其中，硝态氮含量降低，速效磷和速效钾含量升高。本研究条件下，春季大白菜配方施肥的N、P2O5、K2O投入量优化比例为1：0.44：0.93。