冬小麦新品种衡4399水肥高效模式初步研究

摘要

小麦新品种衡4399由河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所选育而成。2009~2010年对其进行水肥高效模式研究，试验春季水肥管理模式设拔节水+开花水、拔节水、孕穗水、起身水+开花水+灌浆水（CK）4种，通过比较不同水肥管理模式下的小麦水分利用特性、产量及相关因素，确定衡4399适宜的水肥高效模式。结果表明：在试验年度极端低温气候情况下，4种水肥管理模式的衡4399水分利用效率达1.88~2.06 kg/m3，且产量均>7500 kg/hm2，衡4399为节水高产型品种。其中，春浇2水（拔节水+开花水）可以延长小麦灌浆期，提高叶面积指数和水分利用效率，产量达9000 kg/hm2左右，且极显著>其他水肥模式处理。适宜衡4399高产的最佳高效水肥模式为春浇拔节水和开花水。%The winter wheat new variety Heng 4399 was developed by Dryland Farming Institute,Hebei A-cademy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The high efficiency modes of water and fertilizer of Heng 4399 was studied with 4 modes in 2009-2010 in order to determine which is the high efficiency one by compar ing the characteristic of water and fertilizer utility,yield and related factors under 4 modes of each 750 m3/hm2 of water at jointing and anthesis and 750 m3/hm2 of water at jointing or booting and each 750 m3/hm2 of water at setting and jointing and filling (CK). The results showed that at the extreme low temperature of the year,water use efficiency of Heng 4399 under 4 modes ranged from 1.88 to 2.06 kg/m3, yield were all higher than 7 500 kg/hm2,it demonstrsted that Heng 4399 was a water-saving and high yield cultivar. Meanwhile it was found that the high efficiency mode of water and fertilizer was for spring irrigation 2 water (jointing and blossom water) mode,under the mode wheat filling stage was extended,leaf area index and water use efficiency were increased,yield was about 9 000 kg/hm2 which was higher than that of others. The suitable high efficiency water and fer tilizer model of Heng 4399 was irrig ation jointing and blossom water in spring.