功能微生物对持久性氯代有机污染物的降解作用及机理

摘要

Persistent chlorinated organic pollutants are a class of organic pollutants that extensively exist in the environment .Microorganisms including fungus ,bacteria ,actinomycetes and some kinds of algae are the major natural degradation species that can be used to biodegrade persistent chlorinated organic pollutants .In this article ,the functional species that can decompose persistent chlorinated organic pollutants are reviewed .The biodegradation mechanism and key enzymes involved in chlorinated organic pollutant degradation are further analyzed .Furthermore ,immobilization ,genetic engineering ,enzyme engineering ,and bioreactors that can be applied for the on‐site bioremediation of the polluted sites with persistent chlorinated organic pollutants by functional species are suggested .%持久性氯代有机污染物是环境中广泛存在的一类有机污染物。真菌、细菌、放线菌和某些藻类是氯代有机污染物的主要降解物种，对全球持久性氯代有机物的削控起到至关重要的作用。文章综述了持久性氯代有机污染物的降解功能物种，并分析了功能物种降解氯代有机物的关键酶和降解机理。在此基础上，从固定化、基因工程、酶工程、生物反应器等方面对降解功能物种应用于持久性氯代有机污染物污染场地的实地生物修复技术进行了展望。