硫化物尾矿中重金属的赋存状态研究及其意义

摘要

Metal sulfide tailings by ore dressing in metal mines are one of main sources of combination pollution of ( acid water+) heavy metals.In recent years international research tends to investigate the chemical specia-tion, stability/mobility and environmental effect of heavy metals in the tailings by the method of Dold procedure especially designed for the extraction of elements in sulfide tailings.Domestical research mainly focuses on the test analysis and experimental simulation of the chemical speciation and mobility of heavy metals in the tailings , but considers less the multiple factors affecting the occurrence state of heavy metals in the tailings; and less re-search on the mechanism of combination pollution of heavy metals in the tailings situated in the carbonate/Karst environment landscape area.The carbonate area in Nanling region of China is one of the main districts rich in nonferrous metal minerals, but frequent combination pollutions of heavy metals.In this area, to clarify the mechanism of retention and mobility of heavy metals in the carbonate-rich sulfide tailings, and investigate on the occurrence state of heavy metals in the tailings , is significant for the prevention and pollution treatment from the tailings in theory and practice , as well as for resource recycling .%选矿所产生的金属硫化物尾矿是生成（酸水）重金属复合污染的重要本源之一。国外近年来的研究趋向于探讨尾矿中元素化学形态、稳定性/迁移性及环境效应；在研究方法上，趋于采用针对硫化物尾矿的元素化学提取法（ Dold法）。国内研究大多侧重于对尾矿中重金属的化学形态及其迁移规律的测试分析、实验模拟，而在考虑多重综合因素对尾矿中重金属赋存状态影响的研究较少；在碳酸盐岩/喀斯特环境景观区，对尾矿源重金属复合污染形成机制方面的研究尚显薄弱。我国的南岭碳酸盐岩区是重要的有色金属矿产产地，也是重金属复合污染频发的地区，在该区开展硫化物尾矿中重金属赋存状态研究，弄清重金属的富集和迁移机制，对于硫化物尾矿源重金属污染的防治以及尾矿中金属资源的回收利用具有理论和实际意义。