机车轮轨之间的相对位移是轮轨接触状态最直接的反映，为了监测列车运行的状态及完善运行安全性机理，传统方法是采用基于传感器的接触式测量。针对其存在动态测量困难、零漂大和抗干扰能力差等缺点，设计了一种火车轮轨相对垂向位移视频检测系统。该系统将相机垂直安装在转向架上，激光源也安装在转向架上并使激光照到轨道上，利用相机、激光源和转向架三者保持相对静止的特点，通过激光点在轨道图像中的纵坐标变化来测量轮轨的相对垂直位移。最后，在无砟和有砟轨道两种不同条件下实现了机车轮轨相对垂向位移检测、数据显示和存储。实验结果表明，该系统不仅能显示轮轨相对垂向位移，而且对检测环境有较强的适应性，这对进一步探索和评价机车运行安全性机理有着重要的意义。%Wheel/rail contact state is the basic content in analyzing safety of the train, and the relative displacement between wheel/rail is the most direct reflection of wheel/rail contact state. The current contact measurement based on sensor is widely used in dynamic performance parameters detection for monitoring locomotive status. However, it has several defects, such as being difficult to realize dynamic measurement and has poor anti-jamming capability. In order to overcome the defects above, the video monitoring system for wheel/rail relative vertical displacement is designed in this paper. In the system, camera and laser are installed on the bogie vertically. Since the camera, laser and bogie remain static each other, then the wheel/rail relative vertical displacement can be measured by the laser ordinate change in image. Finally, the experiments had been carried out under the two different conditions of ballastless track and ballast track. The results show that the system can acquire wheel/rail vertical relative displacement and has strong adaptability to the detection environment, and it has great important significance to further exploring and evaluating locomotive safety mechanics.
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