State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau;
Institute of Soil and Water Conservation;
CAS & MWR;
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity;
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences;
Northwest University;
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
College of Geography and Environment;
Shandong Normal University;
CSIRO Land and Water;
hyporheic; water; exchange; thermal; method; discharge; recharge; surface; water-groundwater; interactions;