冬季和春季播种对蒙古黄芪种苗产量和质量的影响

摘要

In order to reveal the effects of winter sowing and spring sowing on seedling yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus var mongholicus and explore its best sowing season,a contract seedling-nurs-ing experiment was conducted by sowing the plant seeds in winter and spring respectively during which the soil moisture and growth indicators were measured accordingly.The results showed that compared with the spring-sowing plots,the soil moisture in the winter-sowing plots was higher and resulted 14 d earlier and significantly higher rate of emergence seedlings,good growth of the young seedlings,however,serious death seedlings also,especially more premature-senility function leaves apparently happened so that the seedling growth in winter-sowing plots was inferior to those cultivated in spring-sowing plots in the late growth stage.By contraries,the seedlings in the spring-sowing plots indicated lower emergence rate but ex-hibited higher survival rate and strong growth power in the late growth stage,resulting in higher yield and better quality of seedlings,which increased (3 378.3±1 109.6)kg/hm2 in seedling yield,0.729 g in single root,4.42 cm in root length and 6.530 cm in head length.Also the seedlings cultivated in the spring plots exhibited fewer side roots and low incidence and degree of rot diseases.All above suggested that the plant seeds were not adapted to be sown in winter but should advocate to be sown in spring when nursing seed-lings in the standard production.%以蒙古黄芪种子为试验材料,通过初冬季节和春季分期播种育苗对比试验,定期测定土壤含水量和苗栽生长发育指标,旨在揭示冬季和春季播种对蒙古黄芪种苗产量和质量的影响,探寻黄芪最佳育苗季节.结果表明：与春播田相比较,冬播田出苗期土壤含水量高,种子提早出苗14 d,幼苗长势良好,但死苗严重,成苗后功能叶早衰脱落明显,后期长势反而不及春播田的水平.春播田出苗率虽低,但幼苗成活率高,后期生长势强,育成苗栽产量和质量均极显著提高,苗栽产量较冬播田增加(3378.3±1109.6)kg/hm2,单根鲜质量、单根长和芦头茎长分别增加0.729 g、4.42 cm和6.530 cm,侧根数却显著减少,根腐病发病率和发病程度显著降低.据此认为,黄芪露地育苗不适宜冬季播种,建议规范化生产中春播育苗.