天然有机纤维吸油材料的结构特点及其功能化改性技术的研究进展∗

摘要

天然有机纤维作为一种可再生生物质资源，具有可生物降解性，显示出一定的吸油能力，近年来作为吸油材料的研究备受关注。首先概述了有机吸油材料的研究发展动态和吸油机理，然后详述了天然有机纤维的结构特点，并归纳和评价了其功能化改性技术，指出以天然有机纤维为基质，通过疏水改性和构筑表面微观粗糙度获得超疏水亲油表面，同时构建适宜的多孔性结构并引入光降解等模式，可望获得兼具突出吸油性能和可控降解能力的生态环保吸油材料。最后，对蛋白纤维(尤其是胶原纤维)在吸油领域的应用潜力及存在问题进行了总结和展望。%Natural organic fibers,a renewable biomass resource,possess biological degradability and a certain a-mount of oil absorption capacity,have gained widely attention as oil sorption materials in recent years.In this context,we firstly outline the development trends and oil absorption mechanism of organic oil sorbents.Subse-quently,a detailed elaboration on the structural characteristics and functional modification techniques of natural organic fibers are made.This review attests that utilizing natural organic fiber as a substrate,a novel environ-mental friendly oil sorbent material with excellent oil absorption properties and controllable degradability could be acquired by establishing a super-hydrophobic-oleophilic surface through hydrophobic modification and surface roughness fabrication,building an appropriate porous structure and introducing new degradation patterns,such as photodegradation and thermal degradation.Particularly,the prospects and challenges of the potential applica-tion of protein fiber (especially for collagen fiber)as oil sorbents are briefly addressed.