核聚变钨铜面对等离子体材料研究

摘要

介绍了钨用作核聚变面对等离子体材料的制备技术以及钨材料的微观结构以及基本性能,包括真空/大气等离子体喷涂钨涂层,超高压电阻烧结技术制备 W/Cu 梯度材料,粉末冶金 TiC、La2O 3弥散增强钨合金材料.研究发现,钨涂层柱状晶结构能有效地增强整体系统传热,涂层气孔率7.4%、与基体结合良好、热导率80 W/(m·K),能够承受10 MW/m2的稳态热负荷;5层 W/Cu梯度材料无裂纹、孔洞等缺陷存在,表现出优异的热力学性能;La2O 3和TiC在钨合金中起到"钉扎"作用,大大改善了钨材料晶界力较小,脆性等缺点,提高了冶金材料的性能.%In this paper,the fabricating technology of tungstsen plasma facing material,such as plasma spraying technology,powder metallurgy with dispersed TiC or La2O3,and resistance sintering under ultra-high pressure and as well as the micro-structure and main performances of tungsten plasma facing materials were introduced. The results indicated that the columnar crystals can enhance the heat transfer capacity,with the low porosity of 7.4% and the thermal conductivity of 80 W/(m·K),and tungsten coating can withstand the heat flux of 10 MW/m2.No crack or hole appeared on the cross section and surface of five layered W/Cu gradient composites, exhibiting excellent thermodynamic properties.Both of TiC and La2O3particles can enhance the strength of tungsten because of pinning effect.The low grain boundary force and brittleness of tungsten plasma facing ma-terials have been greatly desreased,and the properties of tungsten alloys have been improved.