中国国库体制改革与防火墙建设——代理-经理之争的诠释

摘要

When it comes to the amendment regarding Budget Law and State Treasury Management Ordinance, there is an argument about which one is better for the state treasury system in China comparing Agency Treasury Management System with State Treasury Management System. That is a big ＂problem faced by policy makers. A misunderstanding about fiscal treasury management in theory and misuse for government cash and bank accounts in practice lead to bad state treasury system, which making central bank treasury in a wrong role and be different from the standard Treasury Single Account （TSA）. The legal principle with Budgeting and Treasury is of great significance to the field considering central bank financial supervision and monetary policy. However, the basic problem is not clear in academy and that may mislead the reform.%《预算法》和《国家金库管理条例》修订引发的代理制与经理制之争，将中国国库体制模式的战略性选择问题再次提到了决策者面前。“财政国库”的概念误读和实务上对政府现金与银行账户管理领域的大举进军，既模糊和侵蚀了“央行国库”的角色．又催生出一个与标准TSA体制渐行渐远、充满矛盾和寻租机会的现行国库体制。这些位居公共财政与金融体系交叉地带、事关央行金融监管与货币政策、链接党政民主之深厚法理的重大问题，至今未有学术上的清晰解读，极易导致改革方向的迷失。