尾翼对超空泡航行器形态及力学特性影响实验研究

摘要

超空泡水下航行器弹道控制技术是改进与优化超空泡航行器水下弹道的一种重要方式,其中对航行器尾翼的操纵是该技术的重要环节.在高速水洞实验室中进行了缩比模型通气超空泡的生成和尾翼力学特性实验研究,重点针对尾翼安装与否、不同后掠角和不同尾翼安装位置对模型超空泡形态和力学特性的影响进行了深入的分析.通过对比不同工况空泡的外形、阻力、侧向力和法向力矩,获得了尾翼后掠角以及安装位置对细长体超空泡尾部闭合和侧平面力学特性的影响规律,同时对实验结果进行了定性和定量分析.实验证实了尾翼后掠角和安装位置是影响超空泡尾部闭合与影响模型力学特征的重要因素,并提出了实现超空泡航行器尾翼的设计规律.%The control technology of supercavitating underwater vehicle is one of the most important methods for optimizing the trajectory of supercavitating underwater vehicle, the critical point of which is the rudder control of the underwater vehicle tail-fin. The scaled model experiment of the tail rudder was carried out in NWPU high speed water tunnel (HSWT) for the research on the generation of ventilated supercavity and the dynamics characteristic of the underwater vehicle tail-fin. This paper aims at the analysis in depth on the changing effects upon model's supercavitation configuration and hydrodynamics characteristics, which are determined by conditions with or without tail-fin, as well as the sweepback angle, and the installation position. Under the influence of tail-fin sweepback angle and installation position, the hydrodynamics determination rules of slender body supercavitation tail closure and side plane have been concluded by comparing the configurations and conditions of resistance, yawning force and normal force moment of cavitation under different state. Both the quantitative and qualitative analysis are carried out on the experiment result. According to the experiment result, both the tail-fin sweepback angle and installation position are important element to determine the supercavitation tail closure and hydrodynamics characteristics of the model. The design of tail-fin for the supercavitating underwater vehicle is also proposed.