环境质量标准的首要目标是保护人体健康，美国国家环境保护局( US EPA)和世界卫生组织( WHO)分别在地表水水质健康基准和生活饮用水水质基准方面开展了长期深入的研究，并形成了整套方法体系。2015年，我国新的《环境保护法》也增加了要求科学确定符合我国国情的环境基准的规定。因此，有必要从项目筛选及限值的制修订方法学等方面梳理国际先进基准，从而借鉴发达国家水质基准的制修订原则和方法，为自主建立符合国情的国家水质基准及标准提供参考并提出工作建议。%The primary objective of environmental quality standards is to protect human health. The United States Environmental Protection Agency ( US EPA) and the World Health Organization ( WHO) have respectively carried out research on water quality criteria and formulated a complete system of methodology. The updated Environmental Protection Law of China in 2015 has supplemented the requirement of scientifically determining the environmental criteria. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the principles and methodology of water quality criteria revisions in developed countries and review the international advanced criteria from the aspects of the methods of pollutants screening and criteria limits determining, etc. The foreign experience could provide references and suggestions for independently establishing national water quality criteria and standards in line with China's own conditions.
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