黄土地质灾害研究中的关键问题与创新思路

摘要

Loess Plateau is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation.It is also the youngest plateau and has been rising ceaselessly in our world.Besides,it had been recorded the information of global change in detail during the Pleistocene epoch,especially in the aspects of climate changes and geological hazards.According to the statistics of geological hazards in China,there are almost one third of cases in this area.These geological hazards caused great loss of life and properties.Hence,the mitigation of geological hazards in Loess Plateau is urgent and necessary.This paper summarizes geological hazards in Loess Plateau.Moreover,according to the results of previous research and engineering geological investigation,the critical issues and creative concepts,such as the couple analysis of soil mechanics and engineering geology,triggering and evolution mechanism,early warning system and so on,are suggested to mitigate the geological hazards in loess area.%我国黄土高原不仅是中华民族的发源地，也是世界上惟一的最年轻、且正在堆积的高原，它记录着240万年以来全球自然环境和气候变化以及地表灾害演化的丰富信息，每年全国有近三分之一的地质灾害发生在这一地区。本文概述了黄土地质灾害的危害现状，分析了目前黄土地质灾害研究方面存在的关键科学问题，并提出了当前应重点开展的研究思路和课题：研究黄土地质结构和黄土介质力学行为对灾害孕育的协同控制规律，概化黄土重大灾害的基本成灾模式；破解复杂动力作用下黄土重大灾害发生、突变、演化机制和灾害链演变规律；建立黄土重大灾害超前判识、预警预报与风险控制的理论及技术方法体系，形成黄土地区重大灾害减灾示范。