目的：了解昆明地区哮喘患病率情况及影响哮喘的危险因素,为哮喘的防治提供理论依据。方法对昆明市五华区、盘龙区、西山区、官渡区和东川区中,年龄4岁以上共15000例常住人口进行问卷调查,使用条件 Logistic 单因素与多因素分析,筛选哮喘发病的独立因素。结果本研究中总调查人数为15000人,收回问卷为14412份,应答率达到96．08%,累计哮喘患者174例,累计患病率为1．207%。不同性别、不同职业、教育程度和不同年龄患者之间患病率具有统计学差异(χ2=8．099,P <0．05；χ2=112．054,P <0．05；χ2=169．827,P <0．05；χ2=404．875,P <0．05)。影响哮喘患病的因素共9项(P <0．05),分别为：吸烟、家族史、饲养宠物、反流性食管炎、湿疹、过敏性鼻炎、精神紧张、冷空气、药物过敏和接触粉尘。家族史、过敏性鼻炎、吸烟、接触粉尘和精神压力为哮喘发病的独立影响因素(P <0．05)。结论本研究初步获得昆明地区的哮喘发病的流行病学特征,哮喘发病的独立影响因素为家族史、过敏性鼻炎、吸烟、接触粉尘和精神压力。%Objective To investigate the situation and risk factors of bronchial asthma in Kunming. Meth-ods 15000 residents (age > 4) in Kunming were questionnaired, and the results were given logistic univariate and multivariate analysis to screen the risk factors. Results 14412 of them completed the questionnaire, and the re-sponse rate was 96. 08% , including 174 asthma patients. The cumulative prevalence rate was 1. 207% . There were significant difference in bronchial asthma among different gender, different occupations, education level and age of patients (χ2 = 8. 099, P < 0. 05; χ2 = 112. 054, P < 0. 05; χ2 = 169. 827, P < 0. 05; χ2 = 404. 875, P < 0. 05). There were 9 factors affecting the prevalence of asthma (P < 0. 05), including smoking, family history, pets, reflux esophagitis, eczema, allergic rhinitis, stress, cold air, drug allergies and exposure to dust. Family history, allergic rhinitis, stress and smoking were the independent factors (P < 0. 05). Conclusion This study gets the epidemiolog-ical characteristics of asthma in Kunming, and the independent factors for asthma are family history, allergic rhinitis, stress and smoking.
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