人工种植牙修复牙列缺损的疗效及生物力学研究

摘要

Objective To observe the clinical effect of dental implant system in the dentition defect repair,and to explore biomechanical properties of instant axial and lateral load to dental implants.Methods Forty-two patients with dentition defect received 67 ITI Straumann dental implants,6 months after which the upper part of the plant was repaired.Three-dimensional finite element models were established to analyze stress changes for dental implants with different immediate loadings.Results Twelve months after planting,94.0％ (63/67) dental implants were planted successfully,and the rest of the indicators are good.Both in axial and lateral loads,stress was concentrated in the neck of the implant,stress of middle and apical parts decrease gradually.In 10 °,20 ° and 30 ° lateral load,at the part of 1/3 neck stress dropped sharply,and with the lateral load inclination increase,the neck stress increased.Conclusion Dental implant is an excellent method for repairing defective dentition with satisfactory results.Dental implant is applicable,but dentists should pay attention to the anastomosis angle,to avoid dental implant and foundation piles subject to lateral forces,in order to guarantee satisfying success rate of dental implants.%目的 观察人工种植牙修复牙列缺损的临床效,探讨牙种植体轴向和侧向即刻负载时的生物力学性能.方法 42例牙列缺损患者,共植入ITI Straumann牙种植体67枚,6个月后行种植义齿修复.采用三维有限元法分析种植牙即刻负载时不同负载下种植体骨界面的应力及位移变化.结果 修复后12个月,种植成功率为94.0％(63/67),其余各项指标良好.种植体轴向及侧向负载时,应力均集中在颈部,中部和根尖区应力逐渐较小；10°、20°及30°侧向负载时,颈1/3处落差较大,且随着侧向负载倾斜度增加,颈部应力增大.侧向负载时种植体的即刻负载位移均明显大于轴向负载位移(P＜0.05),且种植体的即刻负载位移随负载角度的增大而增加.结论 种植牙是一种优良牙列缺损修复方法,可获得满意效果,种植牙即刻负载技术是可行,应注意种植牙和基桩的吻合角度,尽量避免受到侧向力,以保证种植牙的成功率.