肉毒素A注射治疗神经源性逼尿肌过度反射患者的围术期护理

摘要

Objective To Summarize perioperative nursing for 20 patients with the hyperreflexia of neurogenic detrusor by injection of botulinum toxin A.Methods Mental states of patients were assessed by Huaxi Emotional Distress Index questionnaire and psychological support was given to these patients,patients were assisted and instructed to record the urine diary correctly,cautions for the use of botulinum toxin A was interpreted,drinking water and activities were guided,and adverse reactions,follow-up results at 6,12 weeks were observed.Life quality by Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire was observed,the times of urinary incontinence,maximum pressure volume of bladder,maximum pressure of detrusor and the effect of urinary incontinence were compared.Results The absolute value of evasion and restrictive behavior,psychological effects,social fear disorders were (38.5 ± 19.6),(38.8 ±22.5),(28.1 ±20.3),respectively,on admission,and (41.2 ±27.1),(43.7 ± 26.5),(33.5 ± 28.8),respectively,at 6 weeks after nursing,and were (40.9 ± 27.7),(39.6 ± 24.3),(36.3 ± 28.7),respectively,at 12 weeks after nursing.The evasion and restrictive behavior,social fear disorderswere improved at 6,12 weeks after nursing as compared to nursing before.Conclusion Perioperative care for patients with the hyperreflexia of neurogenic detrusor by injection ofbotulinum toxin A can not only improve therapeuticeffect,improve social status,but also improve patients'self-management ability and quality of life.%目的 总结行肉毒素A注射治疗神经源性逼尿肌过度反射患者的围术期特征性护理方法.方法 通过围术期采用华西心情指数问卷动态评估患者心理状态并及时对患者给予心理支持、协助患者正确记录排尿日记、讲解肉毒素A使用的注意事项、指导饮水及活动、观察毒副反应等,对患者进行6周及12周后的随访观察.采用尿失禁生活质量评分问卷(I-QOL)调查患者生活质量,观察患者尿失禁次数、最大膀胱测压容积、最大逼尿肌压力及尿失禁对生活质量评分的影响.结果 患者入院时逃避性及限制性行为、心理影响、社交恐惧障碍绝对值分别为(38.5±19.6)、(38.8±22.5)、(28.1±20.3)分;围术期护理6周后,逃避性及限制性行为、心理影响、社交恐惧障碍绝对值分别为(41.2±27.1)、(43.7±26.5)、(33.5±28.8)分;12周后逃避性及限制性行为、心理影响、社交恐惧障碍绝对值分别为(40.9±27.7)、(39.6±24.3)、(36.3±28.7)分.患者6周及12周后的随访观察发现患者的逃避性及限制性行为较术前改善、社交恐惧障碍得到显著改善(P＜0.05).结论 做好A型肉毒素注射治疗神经源性逼尿肌过度反射患者围术期特征性护理,能提高肉毒素注射治疗的疗效,改善患者的社交状态,提高患者自我管理能力,改善患者的生活质量.