离婚损害赔偿责任的定位

摘要

科学定位离婚损害赔偿责任是对其准确理解适用并予以完善的前提。婚内配偶一方侵害对方人格权、财产权等绝对权的行为，可依侵权法追究行为人的侵权责任，无须借助离婚损害赔偿责任；配偶之间身份关系的调整亦不依赖离婚损害赔偿责任。离婚损害赔偿责任以导致离婚为要件，主要目的在于抚慰无过错方因离婚本身而遭受的精神痛苦，是婚姻家庭法上特设的责任制度。离婚损害赔偿责任制度难以为离婚后扶养给付或经济帮助所替代，在中国有其社会基础和价值基础，应予保留，并在科学定位基础上加以完善。%To have a scientific identification of the term“responsibilities in connection with compensations for divorce damage”is a prerequisite for us to accurately apply it into our daily life and make an improvement of it. There is no need to invoke the term when an individual’s rights to personality and property suffer from infringement inflicted by her or his spouse. It is not easy to replace it with post-marriage support or economic assistance, since there is fertile soil in terms of social need and values for its existence in China. Therefore, we should allow for its existence and make an improvement of it on the basis of scientific location.