The distribution patterns of biodiversity and its influencing factors are the central issue in biogeography and macroecology. According to historical records and specimens preserved in the collection museum of College of Life Science, China West Normal University, the fish species composition of the Jialing River is systematically arranged, and the average taxonomic distinctness index (△+) and variation in taxonomic distinctness index ( ∧+) were tested to study the taxonomic diversity of fishes in the main section of the Jialing River. The combined data set indicates 156 fish species in the Jialing River, belonging to 85 genera, 18 families and 7 orders, among which, the largest group is the Cypriniform fishes, including 116 species, accounting for 74. 36% of the total species; the Siluriformes come in second, 22 species, accounting for 14. 10% of the total species, and the Perciformes are the third, 12 species, accounting for 7.69% of the total species. Little change in taxonomic composition of the Jialing River from upstream to downstream is found, and there are 126 fish species in upstream, 129 species in mid-reach, and 132 species in downstream. The results of fish taxonomic diversity show that the mean A~ of the section of the Jialing River is about 56. 7, among which, mean △+ of fish species in midoreach is about 61.2, higher than that of the upstream (△+ = 61.0), but lower than that of the downstream (△+ = 61.7). The results show that the distribution pattern of fish diversity is closely related to the aquatic ecological environment of the Jialing River, which can provide a useful context for revealing the distribution characteristics of fish community, protecting fish diversity and managing aquatic ecosystems in the Jialing River.%生物多样性的分布格局及其影响因素一直是生物地理学和生态学研究的核心问题之一，为了更全面地了解嘉陵江干流鱼类物种多样性，本研究通过野外调查和历史资料分析，系统整理了鱼类的物种组成，并计算了嘉陵江干流及各江段鱼类的平均分类差异指数（△＋）和分类差异变异指数（∧＋）．种类统计结果显示，嘉陵江干流分布鱼类有156种，隶属于7目18科85属，其中鲤形目鱼类最多，有116种，占全流域物种数的74．36％；其次为鲇形目鱼类，有22种，占全流域物种数的14．10％；第三位为鲈形目鱼类，有12种，占全流域物种数的7．69％．嘉陵江各江段鱼类分类组成变化不大，上游分布鱼类126种，中游129种，下游132种．鱼类物种分类多样性分析结果表观，嘉陵江干流△＋约为56．7，∧＋约为324，其中下游最高，△约为61．7；中游其次，△＋约为61．2，上游最低，△＋约为60．0．结果表明：嘉陵江干流鱼类物种多样性分布规律与水生态环境密切相关，为揭示嘉陵江鱼类群落分布特征，保护鱼类多样性，以及管理水生态系统提供重要的参考依据．
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