上网电价制度是否构成补贴，这一问题目前在WTO项下已经产生但尚无结论。欧盟在国家援助审查当中对此进行了回答。欧盟在十余起裁决当中先后树立了“资金来源”、“国家权力”、“国私企业是否一视同仁”三项标准。在欧盟项下，上网电价即便构成补贴，也会因特别法规定而获得合法性豁免。但在WTO项下，即便上网电价未必合法，目前各国也仍然通过“君子协定”维持其默示合规性。对于中国而言，目前可以充分利用上网电价制度，但应同时注重可再生能源激励机制的市场化。%Whether FIT constitutes subsidies is a question raised under WTO but unsolved. EU has answered this question in State Aid scrutinies. In over ten decisions, EU has established a series of 3 criteria including the source of funding, the exercise of State Power, and the equal treatment between SOEs and private corporations. Under EU directives, even if FIT may constitute subsidies, it could still get exemption by special stipulations. Under WTO law, however, even if FIT might not be legal under subsidy rules, currently countries implicitly keep it unchallenged as a"gentlemen’s agreement". For China’s State interests, while taking advantage of FIT ar-rangements is a must, it’s still advisable to pursue the marketisation of stimulation mechanism.
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