鄂尔多斯盆地北部典型顶板水害特征及其防治技术

摘要

为了查明鄂尔多斯盆地北部典型顶板水害的形成机理,并提出有针对性的防治措施,在系统分析区域含水层厚度、赋存特征、分布规律、水文地质参数等矿井水文地质条件的基础上,结合鄂尔多斯盆地北部诸多矿井顶板水害发生的特征,得出鄂尔多斯盆地西缘、东缘和北缘具有不同的顶板水害形成条件和特点,最具典型的水害类型分别为离层水害、薄基岩突水溃沙灾害和巨厚砂砾岩含水层顶板水害.研究了含水层沉积特征和水文地质结构,结合不同类型水害的形成要素和水害发生特征,初步查明了典型顶板水害的形成机理,“束状钻孔,靶向探放”是防治离层水害的有效方法,井上下疏放水和注浆改造是防治薄基岩突水溃沙的有效途径,顶板水超前疏放和加强排水系统是巨厚砂砾岩含水层顶板水害防治的主要方法.大量的工程实践资料验证了对水害条件认识的正确性和水害防治方法的有效性.%In order to find out the formation mechnisum of the typical roof water disasters in the north of Ordos Basin,and put forward corresponding prevention measures,based on the analysis of regional thickness,existing characteristics,ditribution range and hydrogeological parameters of aquifer,combined with the water inrush feature of different types of water disasters,it found that the typical roof water disasters at west margin,east margin and north margin in research region are different,and typical water disasters includs the water disaster from bed-separation space,water and sand inrush with thin bedrock and the water disaster of ultra thick glutenite aquifer.With the investigation of aquifer sedimentary characteristics and hydrogeological conditions,combined with formation element and water disaster characteristics,the formation mechanism of typical water disaster was found out."Sheaf-like borehole and targeted drainage" are the effective measures for preventing and controlling water disaster from bed-separation space.Water drainage and grouting can be used to prevent water and sand inrush with thin bedrock.Water drainage and strengthening the drainage system can be applied to avoid the water disaster of ultra thick glutenite aquifer.In practice,if the water disaster condition is identified correctly and the measure for water disaster prevention and control will be effective.