量子通信原理及进展概述

摘要

Recently, quantum communication attracts much attention as a main branch of quantum infor- mation processing. Secret information is encoded on the physical systems, such as single photons, in quantum communication It has been proved that any eavesdropping behavior will effect on the results of quantum communications and will be discovered which gurantees the unconditional security of quantum communication. In this paper, we mainly introduce the basic model of quantum key distribution and quantum secure direct communication. The history and recently process of quantum communication exper- iment are discussed.%近年来,量子通信作为量子信息处理研究的一个主要方向,受到了越来越多的关注。量子通信是通过将比特信息编码在单光子等物理体系上进行通信的通信过程,理论证明任何窃听行为都会对量子通信的结果造成影响,从而保证了量子通信的绝对安全性。主要介绍了基本的量子密钥分配和量子安全直接通信方案的原理和几个具有代表性的方案,并介绍了量子通信实验研究的历史和现状。