大脚岭铅锌尾矿库重金属迁移规律与污染评价

摘要

To protect the water quality and environmental ecology, taking Dajiaoling lead-zinc tailings reservoir in lake ridge as an object, the heavy metal migration patterns, the migration mechanism and pollution characteristics were analyzed and evaluated using engineering sampling and fluorescent composition analysis technology. The results show that the mass fraction of heavy metal element in reclamation area, backfilling materials and deep layer of tailings reservoir is more than the background value of countries. Heavy metal pollution gradually expands from upstream to downstream and from reclamation area to the deep area. Heavy metal migration mechanism of the tailings reservoir is mainly the adsorption effect of soil and the leaching effect of the rain. The comprehensive pollution levels of heavy metals in reclamation area, backfilling materials and deep layer in the tailings reservoir reach grade 5, which belongs to high levels of pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures on heavy metal migration disciplinarian and mechanism timely to makethe tailing reservoir harmless.%为了保护东江湖的水质生态，以湖区大脚岭铅锌尾矿库为对象，采用工程取样、荧光成分分析技术对重金属迁移规律、迁移机理及污染特征进行分析与评价。研究结果表明：尾矿库复垦区、尾砂层和深部区的重金属元素质量分数均超过国家背景值，重金属污染表现为从上游到下游以及从复垦区到深部区污染程度逐渐变大的趋势；尾矿库重金属迁移机理主要是土壤的吸附作用和雨水的淋滤作用；尾矿库复垦区、尾砂层和深部区的重金属综合污染等级达到了五级，属于重度污染，因此，应针对重金属迁移规律和机理及时采取措施对该尾矿库进行无害化处理。