With absorbent cotton as raw material, different size and shape of cellulose were prepared by mechanical shear and acid hydrolysis, and the influences of various factors on cellulose size or shape were investigated The different size and shape of cellulose were conifrmed and compared by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) and laser particle size analyzer. The results show that the products prepared by the two methods above are cellulose. The particle diameter of cellulose prepared by mechanical shearing was concentrated in the range of 10~100μm, the percentage of the total content of the products was 68.58~78.94%, and its length was concentrated in 40~55μm, the diameter was about 5μm, the aspect ratio was about 8︰1~10︰1, and the products contained a very small amount of nano-cellulose with high aspect ratio, which the length were several tens of micrometers, and the diameter was about 200 nm. Short rod-like cellulose can be obtained by controlling the conditions of acid hydrolysis, and the sizes of the cellulose ranged from micrometer to nanometer, the aspect ratio was about 7.5︰1 to 20︰1.%以脱脂棉为原材料，通过机械剪切和酸水解2种方法制备了不同尺寸、形态的纤维素，考察了各因素对纤维素尺寸、形态的影响规律。利用傅立叶转换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察法和激光粒度分析法对所制得的不同尺寸、形态的纤维素进行分析表征。FT-IR 分析表明，采用以上2种方法制备的产物是纤维素。扫描电镜照片和激光粒度数据表明，机械剪切制备的纤维素粒径均集中在10～100μm区间，占产物总量的68.58%～78.94%，其长度集中在40～55μm，直径约为5μm，长径比为8︰1～10︰1，并含有极少量长度数十微米、直径200 nm左右高长径比的纳米级纤丝状纤维素。透射电镜照片和激光粒度数据表明，控制酸水解的条件制备出呈短棒状的纤维素，其尺寸从微米级至纳米级不等，长径比约为7.5︰1～20︰1。
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