银杏林下经济模式分类及模式综合效益评价

摘要

Under-forestry economy system is a sustainable, economic, efifcient way of land using. We can classify the under-forestry economy models by the on-the-spot investigation. According to the mode of production, ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) under-forestry economy models can be divided into understory planting and understory farming. More speciifcally, under-forestry economy models can be divided into ginkgo-crop, ginkgo-seedling, ginkgo-fruiter, ginkgo-medicinal materials, ginkgo-poultry and ginkgo-livestock. On the basis of ecological and eco-economic principle, by using AHP method to analysis the economic beneifts, ecological beneifts, social beneifts and comprehensive beneifts of the 5 typical ginkgo under-forestry economy models. The main results were as followed:The much better economic beneifts model was ginkgo-chicken. The much better ecological beneifts model was ginkgo-corn (Zea mays L.). The much better social beneifts model was ginkgo-chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). At last, the much better comprehensive beneifts model was ginkgo-chrysanthemum. And ginkgo-chrysanthemum, ginkgo-chicken, ginkgo-corn models were much better than the other models. The research results can support extending the models which have the higher comprehensive beneifts. It’s good for making full use of resources, improving the ecological environment, and improving the living standards of the people.%通过实地调查，对江苏银杏林下经济模式进行分类，按生产方式分为林下种植、林下养殖2种类型，按经营模式将林下种植分为银杏-农作物、银杏-苗木、银杏-经济树种、银杏-中药材，林下养殖分为银杏-家禽、银杏-家畜，并根据生态学和生态经济学原理，采用层次分析法(AHP)，对其中5种林下经济类型中的5个典型模式从经济效益、生态效益、社会效益及综合效益方面进行了评价。结果表明：经济效益较好的是银杏-草鸡模式，生态效益较好的是银杏-玉米模式，社会效益较好的是银杏-杭白菊模式，综合效益较高的是银杏-杭白菊模式；银杏-杭白菊、银杏-玉米、银杏-草鸡3种模式的综合效益显著优于银杏-柿树、银杏-大叶黄杨模式。研究结果可以为科学合理地在银杏栽培区推广综合效益较高的林下经济模式提供科学依据，为充分利用资源、改善生态环境以及提高人们的生活水平提供理论基础。