CC chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 are elevated in osteoporosis patients

摘要

Osteoporosis is defined as a disorder associated withlow bone mineral density （BMD）. Evidence indicatesthat the immune system is strongly related to bonemetabolism in terms of osteoimmunology, noticeably,interplay between the skeletal and immune system likecellular and non-cellular components, including innateand adaptive immune responses and cytokines andchemokines. Very few studies are available thatinvestigated the role of chemokines in osteoporosis.