无线传感器网络能量均衡路由算法

摘要

针对无线传感器网络中节点能量利用不均衡的特点,对其拓扑结构进行分析,建立了路由模型,结合普通遗传算法的基本原理,提出一种基于多目标遗传算法的无线传感器网络路由优化方法.在选择通信链路过程中,综合考虑传输路径的能耗和路径中节点的剩余能量等因素,采用多目标遗传算法求解一条能耗低且剩余能量较充足的路径作为数据传输路径,实现网络中节点能量的均衡化.仿真结果表明,该优化机制有效延长了网络的生命周期,改善了网络的性能.%According to the characteristics of lack of balance in energy usage in a wireless sensor networks（WSNs） system,the authors analyse its topological structure,and establish a routing model.Meanwhile,a routing optimization method for WSNs based on multi-objective genetic algorithm（MOGA） is proposed by employing the basic principles of general genetic algorithm.In the process of selecting communication link,some factors such as energy consumption of paths and residual energy of nodes,are synthetically considered.The energy equalization of nodes in WSNs is realized by using the algorithm to work out a low-energy-consuming and residual-energy-adequate path as the transmission path.Simulation results show that the global optimization can effectively prolong the network lifetime,and improves the network performance.