In 20th century, famous masters of Chinese historiography came forth in large numbers and made remarkable achievements in their studies. It is of great academic value and practical significance to reflect and summarize the development path of Chinese historiography seriously at the present. Firstly, with the establishment of the insight of dynamic development, the new summary of“School of New History”should be given from a macro perspective, in order to study how it evolved from a current of thought to a school, the significant achievements this historiographical research group had made and the similarity of the scholars in this group and their respective academic personalities, and then form a general research idea that the“three main currents”(i.e. School of New History, New Historical Textualism and Marxist Historiography) in Chinese historiography in 20th century developed parallelly and affected mutually, which may replace the cognition of“two main currents”. Secondly, the further exploration how new historical textualism carried forward the fine tradition of textology during Qian-Jia Period of Qing Dynasty. how it became a modern learning after the new theoretical guidance of the view of evolutionary history while advanced to a new situation (or extent reached) after the guidance of historical materialism since 1949, should be made. Thirdly, the great achievement Marxist historiography has made while the hardship it has experienced should be also reflected profoundly;meanwhile, the new research topic how the essence of traditional Chinese thought leads to historical materialism should be explored, while for the historiography in the“seventeen years”after the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, the key“two opposite style of study”should be focused on, surveyed and analysed, which means that not only should the profound lesson that dogmatism once prevailed be summarized seriously, but also great achievements made by honest scholars carrying forward the fine style of study should be also summarized appropriately, in order to build up our confidence of sticking to and developing historical materialism used to guide historiographical research.%20世纪中国史学名家辈出，成就巨大，今天对其发展道路认真地反思、总结，具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。首先，应当树立动态发展的眼光，从宏观上做出“新史学流派”的新概括，研究它如何由“思潮”发展到“流派”，研究这一群体所取得的重大成就，这一群体学者的共性和各自的学术个性；并进而形成20世纪史学“三大干流”（新史学流派、新历史考证学派、马克思主义史学流派）平行发展和相互影响的总体研究思路，取代以往“两大干流”的认识。其次，应进一步探究新历史考证学如何继承了乾嘉考证学的优良传统，同时又因获得进化史观等新的理论指导而成为一门近代学术；至1949年以后，又因为接受唯物史观的指导，而推进到新的境界。再次，对于马克思主义史学，应如实地总结它取得的巨大成就，同时深刻反思其经历过的曲折；要开掘出“传统思想的精华如何通向唯物史观”一类的新课题；对于建国后“十七年”史学，应抓住“两种对立的学风”这一关键做观察、分析，既认真总结教条主义一度盛行的深刻教训，又恰如其分地总结正直学者发扬优良学风而取得的巨大成绩，以此坚定我们坚持和发展唯物史观、用以指导史学研究的信心。
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