一种制动能量回收系统以及基于状态切换的优化控制构架（英文）

摘要

The limited torque capacity of the electric motor (EM) is a major concern for regenerative braking systems (RBS). Therefore, several strategies have been designed to coordinate the electric motor (EM) and hydraulic friction brake (HFB). However, these strategies drasticaly decrease the amount of energy recovered per braking to ensure braking safety and comfort. An optimal control plant was designed to calculate the duty ratio using the mathematical model of the switch-mode architecture. The design inherited from an analogy of the DC-DC booster used a clutch, a torsion spring and a brake actuator to couple the vehicle and the EM. Like for the DC-DC booster, a variating duty ratio was used to modulate the braking torque while optimizing the energy recovered. The model was built in Matlab/Simulink with the algorithm being testiifed by simulation. The results show a more stable output torque while conserving high regeneration performance.%由于电机转矩有限，通常在制动过程中需要对回馈力矩和液压制动力矩进行协调控制才能满足驾驶员的制动意图。但是现有控制策略通常通过牺牲能量回馈效率以保证制动的安全与舒适性。本文提出了一种基于状态切换方法计算控制指令的制动能量回收控制构架。该系统通过离合器、弹性连接轴和制动器将车辆和电机进行耦合，控制算法受DC-DC升压器控制的启发，通过变化的PWM信号控制离合器的结合与断开以优化制动舒适性和能量回收效率。在Matlab/Simulink中建立了仿真模型并通过仿真对所提出算法进行了验证，结果表明：所提出能量回收系统和算法在保证回馈制动力矩平稳输出的前提下优化了能量回收效率。