高压电是电动汽车驱动能源;高压电安全是整车开发过程中的一项关键技术.该文以用户安全为核心,构建了触电及热失控危险模型.利用该模型系统,研究了打断危险模型的必要条件,找出安全特征参数.从安全特征参数设定、特征参数功能检测、异常状态保护策略3个维度,进行高压安全系统设计和实车试验验证.结果表明:安全参数的合理运行,可以保障车辆电安全,而当发生绝缘电阻低、连接器断开、碰撞等异常状态时,能及时检测并断开高压电输出,避免触电风险.因而,该模型可辅助整车高压安全系统设计,提高整车安全性能.%High voltage safety is a key technology in the development of electric vehicles driving with high voltage power. A risk model of electric shock and thermal runaway was constructed with a top priority of users’ safety. The necessary conditions were investigated for interrupting the risk model by using the model system to identify the safety characteristic parameters. The high voltage safety system was designed and real vehicle test verification in 3 dimensions including setting safety characteristic parameters, detecting feature parameter functions, and having a strategy for abnormal state protection. The results show that the reasonable operation of the safety parameters can ensure the vehicle safety while the abnormal state can detect and disconnect the high voltage output in time and avoid the risk of electric shock when the low insulation resistance, the disconnected connector, the collision and other abnormal states occur. Therefore, the hazard model can assist the design of the vehicle high voltage safety system to improve the vehicle safety performance.
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