空间计量与脉冲星导航

摘要

以脉冲星导航技术为背景, 讨论了空间计量理论中时间测量的关键问题.首先介绍了脉冲星导航的基本原理, 和不同坐标系之间的时间尺度转换, 比较了不同坐标系时间轴度规对脉冲星的脉冲轮廓测量的影响, 说明只有太阳系质心坐标时能够正确测量脉冲轮廓.进而介绍了空间计量提出的两种时间统一的模式:地球卫星导航模式和脉冲星导航模式.以脉冲星导航为例, 讨论了基于SI秒绝对定义和太阳系质心坐标时的广域时间统一的方法, 给出用航天器原时坐标轴伸缩法修正多普勒效应的公式.最后提出在大尺度广域时空中构建新的守时系统—太阳系质心守时系统的设计思路.%To discuss the main question of time measurement for the theory of space metrology is on the background of Pulsars navigation. First we introduce the basic of Pulsars navigation and transformation of time scales between different coordination systems. To compare the impact of measuring Pulsar's pulse profile by metric of time axis in difference coordinate system, it proves only the Barycentric Celestial Reference System (BCRS) can obtain right result of pulse profile.And then to introduce two modes for unifying time-system in space metrology: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) mode and Pulsars Navigation mode. For instance of Pulsars navigation, to discuss an unifying time-system method base on the absolute definition of SI second and the coordinate time on BCRS, and give a formula to deal with Doppler effect by means of expend-shrunk axis of proper time on spacecraft. Finally, a new idea of time keeping system for large area, the BCRS time keeping system is designed.