Electronic wallet system with observers had been proposed by Stefan Brands in order to attain high level of security against double-spending. The demo system is developed based on Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 using the C#. It guarantees prior restraint of double-spending, while still offering traceability of double-spenders after the fact in case tamper- resistance is compromised.%为了更安全地防止重复消费,StefanBrands提出了具有观察者的电子钱包。本演示系统采用了C#语言,基于MicrosoftVisualStudio2008平台而开发。此系统能预防重复消费,同时还能在防窜改模块被破坏后,实现重复消费的可追踪性。
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