木屑基质化腐熟技术研究

摘要

[目的]寻找适合苗木生长的轻型基质材料.[方法]在木屑基质中添加不同氮源、不同微生物菌剂进行腐熟发酵试验,分析木屑基质理化性质的变化及有机质分解状况.[结果]腐熟后木屑易分解的有机质大部分分解,添加鸡粪为氮源的处理有机质含量由81.25%降到23.86%;C/N比降低,除添加尿素为氮源的处理外,其他处理均由初始的30∶ 1降为15∶ 1以下;理化性质有所改善,阳离子代换量增加.木屑基质在前5周腐熟速度最快,随后进入发酵速度相对缓慢的后熟阶段.添加鸡粪为氮源腐熟效果最好,不同的微生物菌剂对木屑腐熟效果影响不显著.室温对木屑基质发酵过程中温度变化影响不显著.[结论]以酵素菌为微生物菌剂、鸡粪为氮源的腐熟效果较好,理化性质优良,腐熟彻底.%[Objective] The matrix suitable for tree and flower seedling growth was experimented.[Method] The experiment in the fermentation of sawdust matrix added with different nitrogen source and microbial inoculants was conducted and the physicochemical property and organism decomposition of sawdust were analyzed.[Results] The result was that most of the organisms in the sawdust fermented were easily to be decomposed.The content of organism was decreased form 82.25% to 23.86% in the treatment of the fowl manure-adding as nitrogen source and the ratio of C/N was reduced and the ratio of C/N in all of treatments except for the treatment of urea-adding for nitrogen source was reduced from 30∶ 1 to below 15∶ 1, the physicochemical property was improved and the cation exchange capacity was increased.The composting speed was fast in the first five weeks, and then, its speed slowed down.The best composting effect was from the fowl manure-adding as nitrogen source, and the effect of different microbial inoculants on composting of sawdust was not significant difference.The room temperature had little effect on the changing of temperature in the procedure of sawdust fermentation.[Conclusion] The yeast being takes as microbial enzyme and the chicken manure being taken as nitrogen source the decomposition effect of sawdust was best with good physicochemical property and full decomposition.