According to the problem of seriously degraded natural forest in Southwest China prior to the implementation of Natural Forest Protection Project, under the guidance of principle of practicality and systematicness, we establish the comprehensive-benefit evaluation index system of restoring the degraded natural forest in Southwest China, including 3 second-level indices, 12 third-level indices and 24 fourth-level indices. In addition, we use the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process to conduct comprehensive-benefit evaluation on implementation of Natural Forest Protection Project in Southwest China. The results show that since ten years of implementation of Natural Forest Protection Project in Southwest China, it has gained considerable comprehensive benefit. The comprehensive evaluation index of Natural Forest Protection Project in Southwest China is 83.08; the ecological benefit index of Natural Forest Protection Project in Southwest China is 56.75; the economic benefit index of Natural Forest Protection Project in Southwest China is 19.05; the social benefit index of Natural Forest Protection Project in Southwest China is 7.28. The effect of construction of Natural Forest Protection Project in Southwest China is good. The evaluation index system and research results in this paper will provide the empirical guidance for comprehensive-benefit evaluation of Natural Forest Protection Project in China, and especially in Southwest China.%针对西南地区天保工程实施前天然林严重退化的问题,在实用性与系统性的原则指导下,建立了西南地区退化天然林恢复综合效益评价指标体系,其中二级指标3个,三级指标12个,四级指标24个,并利用层次分析法对西南地区实施天保工程进行综合效益评价.结果表明,西南地区实施天然林保护工程10年来取得了可观的综合效益,西南地区天保工程综合评价指数为83.08,其中生态效益指数为56.75,经济效益指数为19.05,社会效益指数为7.28,西南地区天保工程建设成效为良好.该评价指标体系和研究结果可以为我国特别是西南地区天然林保护工程综合效益评价作实证指导.
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