自动站数据对气象历史资料序列连续性影响分析

摘要

[Objective] The research aimed to study the influence of automatic station data on the sequence continuity of meteorological historical data. [Method] Based on the temperature data which were measured by the automatic meteorological station and the corresponding artificial observation data during January - December in 2001, the monthly average, maximum and minimum temperatures in the automatic station were compared with the corresponding artificial observation temperature data in the parallel observation period by using the contrast difference and difference value standard deviation methods. The difference between the automatic station and the artificial data, the variation characteristics were understood. Meanwhile, the significance test and analysis of annual average value were carried out by the data sequence during 1990 - 2009. The influence of automatic station replacing the artificial observation on the sequence continuity of temperature historical data was discussed. [Result] Although the two temperature data in the parallel observation period had the certain difference, the difference was in the permitted range of automatic station difference value on average. The difference of individual month surpassed the permitted range of automatic station difference value. The significance test showed that the annual average temperature and the annual average minimum temperature which were observed in the automatic station had the difference with the historical data. It had the certain influence on the annual temperature sequence, but the difference wasn't significant as a whole. When the automatic observation combined with the artificial observation to use, the sequence needed carry out the homogeneous test and correction. [Conclusion] The research played the important role on guaranteeing the monorail running of automatic station, optimizing the meteorological surface observation system, improving the climate sequence continuity of meteorological element and the reliability of climate statistics.%[目的]研究自动站数据对气象历史资料序列连续性的影响.[方法]利用2001年1～12月自动气象站测量的温度资料与对应时刻的人工观测数据,通过对比差和差值标准差的方法对平行观测期间自动站的月平均温度及最高、最低温度与对应的人工观测温度数据进行对比分析,了解自动站与人工数据的差异和变化特征,同时通过1990～2009年数据资料序列进行年平均值的显著性检验及分析,探讨了自动站替换人工观测对温度历史资料序列连续性影响.[结果]平行观测期间的气温资料两者虽有一定差异,但就平均而言,差异都在自动站差值允许范围内,个别月份差异超出自动站差值允许范围;显著性检验表明,自动站观测年平均气温和年平均最低气温与历史资料存在差异,对年气温序列有一定影响,但总体差异不显著;当自动观测与人工观测合并使用时,序列需要做均一检验与订正.[结论]该研究对保证自动站的单轨运行、优化气象地面观测系统、提高气象要素气候序列连续性以及气候统计的可靠性起重要作用.