[Objective] The purpose was to study the effects of rational ratio of magnesium and potassium on yield of rice in cold region, to confirm suitable ration of magnesium and potassium. [Method] Kongyu 131 was used as the material in this test to research the effect of magnesium fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on rice yield and quality, and prove up the rational ratio of magnesium fertilizer and potassium fertilizr er by the randomized block design. [Result] In high, middle and low application potassium fertilizer region, fertilizer application of MgSO4·7H2O:K2O 1: l(magnesium fertilizer 100.5 kg/hrn2, potassium fertilizer 165.0 kg/hm2) or 1:2(magnesium fertilizer 100.5 kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer 276.0 kg/hm2) reasonably increased nitrogen content of rice leaf at critical growth periods; fertilizer application of MgSO4 · 7H2O:K2O 1 : 2(magnesium fertilizer 100.5 kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer 276.0 kg/hm2) kept population leaf area index toward reasonable, against premature senility or remaining green; fertilizer application of MgS04 · 7 H2 O: K2 O 2:1 ( magnesium fertilizer 201. 0 kg/hm , potassium fertilizer 165. 0 kg/hm2) promoted yield by increasing ear number and seed setting rate, and yield reached 9 660 kg/hm2. [ Conclusion] The study has a far — researching significance for keeping soil nutrition balance, then increasing rice yield and modifying rice quality to promote rice industrial sustainable development.%[目的]研究镁钾配施对寒地水稻(Oryza sativa L.)产量的影响,以确定适宜的镁钾配比量.[方法]以空育131为材料,按照随机区组设计,研究镁肥、钾肥对水稻产量的影响,并探明镁肥、钾肥最佳施用比例.[结果]在高中低施钾区,按照七水硫酸镁与氧化钾1∶1(钾肥165.0 kg/hm2,镁肥100.5 kg/hm2)或者1∶2(钾肥276.0 kg/hm2,镁肥100.5 kg/hm2)的重量比配施,能够在水稻关键生育时期合理增加水稻叶片氮含量；按照七水硫酸镁与氧化钾1∶2的重量比配施,能够保持群体叶面积指数趋于合理,不发生早衰和贪青现象；按照七水硫酸镁配施比例与氧化钾2∶1(钾肥165.0 kg/hm2,镁肥201.0 kg/hm2)的重量比配施,能够通过增加穗数和结实率提高产量,产量为9 660 kg/hm2.[结论]该研究对于保持土壤养分平衡,进一步增加水稻产量和改善稻米品质,促进水稻产业可持续发展具有深远意义.
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