矮砧和乔砧密植红富士苹果树冠层特性比较研究

摘要

[目的]比较分析矮砧和乔砧密植红富士苹果(Malus pumila Mill.)树冠层特性,为苹果矮砧密植的发展提供理论支持和科学依据.[方法]以7年生矮砧和乔砧密植红富士苹果树为试材,利用Hemi-View冠层测定和分析系统,分析了2种树体近树干处、树冠1/4处、株间和行间的冠型参数.乔砧园砧木为八棱海棠(Malus robusta Rehd.),矮砧园八棱海棠为基砧,矮化中间砧选择SH优系(SH40).[结果]在树干处、树冠1/4处和株间,矮砧的叶面积指数显著大于乔砧树体,高出幅度分别为6.6％、11.0％和46.8％;而可视天空度矮砧小于乔砧,各项光立地系数以及冠层下的各辐射强度均是矮砧低于乔砧树.而在行间,矮砧的叶面积指数显著小于乔砧树,二者分别1.05和1.53,可视天空度矮砧树大于乔砧树,各项光立地系数和冠层下的辐射均是矮砧树体高于乔砧树体.[结论]发展苹果密植栽培首先要选择适宜的砧穗组合,短枝富士/SH40/八棱海棠是苹果密植栽培的理想选择之一.%[Objective] The purpose was to compare and analyze canopy structure characteristics of high density planting apple trees grafting by dwarf and standard rootstocks, and provide a theoretical support and scientific basis for development of high density planting apple trees. [Method] The characteristics of canopy structure at trunk, 1/4 of canopy, between plants, and between rows of seven-year-old high density planting apple trees grafting by standard and dwarf rootstocks were analyzed by Hemi-View canopy determination and analysis system. In standard rootstocks garden, parental stock was Malus robusta Rehd. . And in dwarf rootstocks garden, base parental stock was Malus robusta Re-hd. , while interstocks was SH40. [Result] The results indicated that standard and dwarf trees had different characteristics of canopy structure. Leaf area index(LAI) of dwarf rootstocks trees was significantly higher than that of standard rootstocks trees at trunk, 1/4 of canopy, and between plants, and the amplitude was 6.6% , 11.0% , 46.8% respectively, however, proportion of visible sky(VisSky) , direct site factor (DSF) , indirect site {aclor( ISF) , global site factor" ( GSF) , direct radiation, diffuse radiation, and every radiation degree indices under canopy were opposite. LAI of dwarf and standard rootstocks trees was 1. 05 and 1. 53 respectively between rows, and there was a significant difference in LAI, meanwhile, the rest indices of dwarf rootstocks trees were higher than that of standard rootstocks trees. [ Conclusion] Suitable rootstock-scion combination should be selected when developing high density apple cultivation, and short branchlet Fuji/SH40/Malus robusta Rehd. is one of its ideal selections.