不同覆盖方式对盐碱原土土壤水分和油葵产量的影响

摘要

[Objective]Effects of different mulching methods on soil water and Helianthus annuus yield were studied.[Method]The field management practices including plastic film and straw dual-mulching(PSM),plastic film mulching(PM),straw mulching(SM)and conventional tillage(CK)were designed to study their effects on soil water use efficiency (WUE) and crop yield.[Result] In the seedling stage of H.annuus at the topsoil (0-30 cm),the soil water content in the treatment of PSM was lower (P<0.05) than that of PM,SM and CK,respectively.However,the water content in PSM treatment in the squaring stage was higher (P<0.05) than that in the treatments of PM,SM and CK,respectively.Plant height and leaf number of PSM treatment were 112.3 cm and 27.0,which were significantly greater than other treatments(P<0.05).The yield of H.annuus in the treatment of PSM was 35.45%,120.15% and 87.80% higher than that in treatments of PM,SM and CK (P<0.05).The water use efficiency of PSM treatment increased by 10.80% and 32.71%,respectively,compared with the treatments of SM and CK.[Conclusion]Using plastic film and straw dual-mulching to plant H.annuus in original saline alkali soil can raise the production potential of natural precipitation and promote water-saving production.%[目的]研究不同覆盖方式对盐碱原土土壤水分和油葵产量的影响.[方法]设置地膜+秸秆覆盖(PSM)、地膜覆盖(PM)、秸秆覆盖(SM)和无覆盖常规种植(CK)4个处理,探讨不同覆盖条件下油葵种植地土壤水分时空特征及对其生长、产量的影响.[结果]PSM处理在苗期0~30 cm土壤水分显著低于PM、SM和CK处理(P<0.05),而在现蕾期,PSM处理在该层的土壤含水量显著高于其他3种处理;PSM处理最大株高和叶片数为112.3 cm和27.0片,显著大于PM、CK和SM处理(P<0.05),产量比其他3种处理分别提高了35.45%、120.15%、87.80%(P<0.05),PSM处理的水分利用效率分别比SM和CK处理提高了10.80%、32.72%.[结论]在盐碱原土种植油葵采用地膜+秸秆覆盖能提高天然降水的生产潜力,促进节水生产.