不同种类地膜覆盖对马铃薯Y病毒病的影响

摘要

[目的]探索适合昭通市昭阳区的有效防治马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)的农艺措施,降低PVY对烤烟生产造成的损失.[方法]测定不同种类地膜覆盖烟地的PVY发病率和病情指数,研究不同种类地膜覆盖对马铃薯Y病毒病的影响.[结果]在烤烟生长的旺长期,3种不同种类地膜覆盖对马铃薯Y病毒病的防治效果来看,黑膜覆盖发病最轻,白膜覆盖发病最重;3种不同种类地膜覆盖的平均病株率为黑膜覆盖(2.55)<银灰色膜覆盖(4.39)<白膜覆盖(6.78);3种不同种类地膜覆盖的平均病情指数为黑膜覆盖(1.361)<银灰色膜覆盖(2.819)<白膜覆盖(3.889);黑膜覆盖的发病率和病情指数均最低,黑膜覆盖与银灰色膜覆盖、白膜覆盖发病率和病情指数差异均极显著.[结论]黑色地膜覆盖栽培的烤烟在烤烟生长的主要关键时期发病较轻.这可能是因为黑色地膜反光驱避蚜虫,减少带病毒蚜虫对烟株的接触机会,从而减轻PVY等的发生,黑色地膜比银灰色或白色地膜效果更好.%[Objective]The aim was to explore effective anti-PVY agronomic measures suitable for Zhaoyang district to reduce tobacco yield los-ses caused by PVY.[Method]PVY disease incidence and disease index of tobacco filed with different types of plastic film mulching were deter-mined,and the effect of different types of plastic film mulching on PVY was studied.[Result]Through comparison of control effects against PVY of three types of plastic film mulching during fast growing period of flue-cured tobacco,it was found that the disease with black film mulching was the least serious type while the disease with white film mulching was the most serious type.As for average disease rate,black film mulching was 2.55,silver-gray film mulching was 4.39 and white film mulching was 6.78.For average disease index,black film mulching was 1.361,silver-gray film mulching was 2.819 and white film mulching was 3.889.Obviously,there were huge differences between the three types of plastic film mulching in terms of disease rate and disease index with black film mulching reporting the lowest.[Conclusion]Black film mulching can reflect light and drive away aphids so as to reduce the chance of contact between aphids and flue-cured tobacco and consequently effectively control PVY.Therefore,black film mulching is a better choice than silver-gray film mulching and white film mulching in PVY control.