避雷针接闪对通信台站布线及接地系统影响分析

摘要

This paper begins with the analysis of the protection range of lightning rod and lightning current, focusing on the discussion of the metal wire frame around the down lead,formed with wires of communica-tion stations and the grounding system.The calculating result shows that the greater the lightning peak value,the shorter the wave front time,the nearer the metal wire frame with the lightning spot and the more likely the electrical device is compromised.If the metal wire frame works as the common ground of the lightning proof,the protection,working circuit,and the ground potential of the common ground fail to be equal everywhere due to the high voltage induction such as lightning with the fluctuations of voltage ranging from hundreds to thousands of volts,undermining electrical devices in the communication stations, especially the disruption of logic integrated circuit,the crash of CPU and hardware damage.The conclu-sion shows that the quantitative analysis of the paper provides a reference basis for the design of the thun-der prevention of communication stations.%从避雷针保护范围及雷电流分析入手，研究了避雷针引下线周围，通信台站布线及接地系统构成的金属线框，若非闭合其回路上的感应电压大小与雷电流关系，若闭合其回路上的感应电流以及各段电压的变化，计算结果表明：雷电峰值越大，波头时间越短，金属线框距雷击点越近，设备损坏可能性越大；若该金属线框作为通信台站防雷、保护及工作共用接地线，因雷电强电磁感应，使共用接地系统的地线电位无法处处相等，并有达数百至数 kV 变化，将使通信台站内的设备，特别是逻辑集成电路工作混乱、CPU 死机或硬件损害。文中的定量分析结论，可为通信台、雷达站及建筑物电子信息系统的防雷电设计提供参考依据。