保护性耕作方式对冬小麦灌浆期光合日变化及产量的影响

摘要

It was so significant to choose an appropriate conservation tillage to increase the wheat yield,when learning the wheat yield discipline under different conservation tillage in Northern China.The Diurnal variation of photosynthesis,yield and so on of'Qingmai 6'was studied under five different conservation tillage in grain filling stage.It showed that,the intercellular CO2 concentration of tillage without straw(CK) was higher than tillage with straw,while the SPAD,photosynthetic rate and stamata conductance were lower than the tillage with straw which had reached the significant difference.The kernel yield increased by 18.04% and 6.83% under subsoiling treatment,compared with CK and deep tillage treatments.The higher photosynthetic rate increased 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike of subsoiling tillage treatment,so that it got a much higher kernel yield.The phenomenon of photosynthesis lunch break was retarded by tillage with straw and it could preserve the photosynthetic rate of wheat at a high lever to increase the kernel yield.This study had shown that subsoiling tillage treatments was the most appropriate treatment;the result provided a theoretical basis for local conservation tillage research.%在中国北方研究不同保护性耕作方式下小麦增产规律,选择适宜的保护性耕作方式对提高小麦产量具有非常重要的意义。以‘青麦6号’为试验材料,对5种不同耕作方式处理条件下冬小麦灌浆期叶光合日变化和产量等指标进行了研究。结果表明：秸秆不还田处理（CK）胞间二氧化碳浓度比秸秆还田处理的高;秸秆还田处理的SPAD值、光合速率、气孔导度比不还田处理的高,差异显著;产量以深松处理最高,分别比CK和深耕秸秆还田（深耕）处理高18.04%和6.83%。较大的净光合速率增加了深松处理的千粒重和穗粒数,从而提高了产量。秸秆还田处理减缓了光合午休现象,使小麦维持较高的光合速率,增加干物质积累,产量较高。该研究结果表明,深松处理为比较适宜的耕作方式,研究结果为地方保护性耕作研究提供理论依据。