为了解长期施用由集约化养殖场畜禽粪堆制的有机肥对蔬菜地土壤与蔬菜中重金属积累的影响,设计了对照(化肥)、化肥+猪粪堆肥、猪粪堆肥和2倍猪粪堆肥等4种施肥方法,进行了为期3年的田间小区蔬菜试验.结果表明:施用猪粪堆肥可促进蔬菜地土壤养分的提高,减弱土壤酸化.但试验也表明虽然施用的猪粪堆肥符合中国有机肥的行业标准(NY 525—2012),当猪粪堆肥被单独作为肥源用于蔬菜地时,其可显著增加土壤和蔬菜中重金属的积累,重金属含量随猪粪堆肥用量和施用年限的增加而增加.连续施用猪粪堆肥3年后土壤中Cu、Zn和Cd含量分别比试验前提高了31.2%、27.3%和14.0%,蔬菜中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd含量也均显著高于对照处理;连续施用2倍猪粪堆肥3年后,土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg和As含量分别比试验前增加了67.4%、53.0%、13.1%、24.4%、25.9%和13.8%,蔬菜中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg和As含量均显著高于对照处理;但化肥+猪粪堆肥配合施用的蔬菜产品中重金属含量与对照处理无显著差异.研究建议重视化肥与有机肥配施;在蔬菜地中应用富含有Cu和Zn等重金属的畜禽粪时应严格控制用量,避免长期、连续施用富含有Cu和Zn等重金属的畜禽粪.%In order to understand the effect of long-term application of livestock and poultry mature compost on heavy metal accumulation in vegetable-soil system, a three-year field experiment was conducted. The experiment included four treatments which were the control (only chemical fertilizer), 1/2 pig manure compost and 1/2 chemical fertilizer, pig manure compost, and double quantity of pig manure compost. The results showed that the application of pig manure compost could prevent soil acidification and improve soil fertility level. However, although it met the industry standards for organic fertilizer in China (NY 525—2012), pig manure compost could significantly increase the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and vegetables when it was applied to vegetable field as the only fertilizer. Content of heavy metals in the soil and vegetables increased with the increasing amount of pig manure compost and application time. After continuous application of pig manure compost for 3 years, content of Cu, Zn and Cd in soil increased by 31.2%, 27.3% and 14.0%,respectively. And the content of Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in vegetables was significantly higher than that under thechemical fertilizer treatment. After continuous application of double quantity of pig manure compost for 3 years,the content of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg and As in soil increased by 67.4%, 53.0%, 13.1%, 24.4%, 25.9% and13.8%, respectively. And the contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg and As in vegetables were significantly higherthan that of the control. But there was no significant difference in heavy metal content of vegetables between thecombined application of chemical fertilizer and pig manure compost (1/2 pig manure compost and 1/2 chemicalfertilizer) and the application of the chemical fertilizer alone. Thus the combined application of chemicalfertilizer and pig manure compost was suitable for vegetable field. It is suggested that the application amount ofrich Cu and Zn pig manure in vegetable field should be controlled, and continuous application of pig manure invegetable field should be avoided.
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