Study of inhomogeneous and heterogeneous ultrasonic waves in kidney stones

摘要

Renal calculi are inhomogenous,heterogeneous and complex innature.There is a large variation in their chemical composition due to foodhabits of patients and hence geography of the inhabitants in different parts ofthe world.Ultrasonic studies are made to investigate various physical andother constants of such renal calculi.A double-probe through transmissiontechnique is used to study various propagation parameters.The ultrasonicwaves displayed on cathode-ray oscilloscope are complex and complicated innature.Complete analysis of such wave patterns is given in the present study.The data reported would help in the design of an ultrasonic lithotripter.