牙周病、根面龋以及颌面先天畸形和创伤等都会不同程度地导致牙槽骨、牙龈和牙周膜等牙周支持组织缺损。低强度脉冲超声（LIPUS）的温热效应和机械刺激可促进成骨质细胞、成牙本质细胞和牙周膜细胞（PDLC）的生成和分化。PDLC可分化成中胚层细胞谱系，进而生成牙槽骨、牙骨质和牙周膜等牙周组织。碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和骨钙蛋白（OCN）为骨形成或骨分化的晚期标志物，经LIPUS刺激过的PDLC，其AKP活性和OCN的表达皆提高。经LIPUS刺激可减少正畸过程中牙根的吸收，促进修复牙根缺损的成牙骨质细胞的增殖分化和矿化，促进牙周组织伤口愈合和血管生成的结缔组织生长因子的表达，从而加速牙周软组织的愈合。LIPUS刺激在牙周支持组织再生中为一种安全无创的治疗手段，但其最佳刺激强度和治疗时间尚需继续探索。%Periodontal disease, root caries, maxillofacial deformity, and trauma will cause defects in periodontal supporting tissue, such as alveolar bone, gingiva, and periodontium. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS) can generate hyperthermia and mechanical stimulation, which can promote the generation and differentiation of cementoblast, odontoblast, and periodontal ligament cell(PDLC). PDLC can differentiate into mesodermal lineages and subsequently generate alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontium. Alkaline phosphatase(AKP) and osteocalcin(OCN) are the advanced markers of osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation. LIPUS-stimulated PDLC shows improved AKP activity and OCN expression. LIPUS can also decrease the root absorption during orthodontic treatment; accelerate the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of cementoblast, which can repair root defects; and improve the expression of connective tissue growth factor that can accelerate angiogenesis and healing of periodontal tissue. LIPUS, as a safe and non-invasive treatment, can be applied in periodontal tissue regeneration. However, further research should be conducted to determine the most suitable stimulation intensity and treatment time.
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