Important formulas that describe the flow field over rough surfaces with different relative submergence are summarized and explained. It turns out that the flow field over rough surfaces with small relative submergence deviates remarkably from the one with large relative submergence. Differences in flow resistance as well as velocity and turbulence intensity distribution are documented with own data and data from the literature. The inconsistency in the results of velocity distribution and flow resistance are pointed out and discussed. Finally, physically based explanations are given for the deviations of the results.
展开▼
