Hydraulic mechanism of rill formation was studied theoretically and experimentally.It was assumed that the impact of varied boundary on overland flow results in fluctuating of water surface,and shock waves that may contribute to the formation of rills.Both theoretical derivation and laboratory experiments were used to compare the hydraulic characteristics of flows with and without shock waves.Results showed that shock waves can lead to an increase in flowdepth,flow velocity,and turbulence intensity.Consequently,flow shear stress or stream energy increase dramatically and rill headcuts may occur where shock waves converge.
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