头颈肿瘤术后缺损的重建,对患者的外观和功能来说十分重要.随着现代精准外科学的发展,要求头颈外科医师要同时注重结构和功能重建的精准性.在结构重建中,局部轴型皮瓣的改良设计和穿支皮瓣的应用,使供区创伤趋于最小化,受区的结构和外观的重建更加与原来相近;虚拟现实技术、计算机辅助和3D打印技术的引入,使头颈部修复进一步提高了精准性.在功能重建中,吻合感觉神经和功能训练有助于感觉功能的恢复.目前,功能重建仍是未来头颈外科主要的努力方向.%The reconstruction of the postoperative defect of the head and neck tumor is very important for the appearance and function of the patient.With the development of modem precision surgery,it is required that head and neck surgeons should pay attention to the accuracy of structural and functional reconstruction at the same time.In the structure reconstruction,using the modified local axial myocutaneous flap and perforator flap make the donor area tend to minimize the trauma and make the structure and appearance of the area more similar with the original;the introduction of virtual reality technology,computer aided and 3D printing technology make precision improve further.In functional reconstruction,anastomosing nerve and functional training can help the recovery of sensory function.In the future,functional reconstruction is still the main direction to fight for of head and neck surgery.
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