Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the uterus, can cause excessive menstrual quantity, abdominal pain, and further affect reproductive function, and has a tendency to potential malignant transformation. Diagnosis relies mainly on the ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI has high spatial and tissue resolution, less interference factors, and commonly is used in preoperative localization and postoperative routine curative effect evaluation for high intensity focused ultrasound ablation (HIFU)Moreover, MRI is superior to ultrasound to evaluate detailed anatomy, and can show the number and sizes of tumors, and adjacent tissue. In this paper, we summarized the MRI findings in observing the uterine fibroids and surrounding tissues’ changes after HIFU surgery.%子宫肌瘤是子宫最常见的良性肿瘤，可引起月经量过多、腹痛乃至进一步影响生育功能，且有潜在的恶变倾向。诊断方法主要依靠超声及MRI，MRI空间分辨力及软组织分辨力高且受干扰因素较少，临床上常用于高强度聚焦超声消融（HIFU）术前定位及术后常规疗效评估，且在明确显示肿瘤大小、数目及邻近组织细微解剖方面明显优于超声。综述MRI观察子宫肌瘤及周围组织HIFU术前后的变化。
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