To the Editor:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a prevalent form of gastroin-testinal malignancies.The current combination of immunotherapy and other treatments improves overall survival compared to con-ventional therapies,but the immunosuppressive microenvironment of HCC is a significant barrier to the efficacy of immunothera-peutic drugs[1].Tumor immune escape is promoted by interac-tions among immunosuppressive cells,including tumor-associated macrophages,marrow-derived suppressor cells,tumor-associated neutrophils,cancer-associated fibroblasts,and tumor-infiltrating Tregs[2].
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