Anatomical features and technical difficulties in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy with various superior mesenteric artery-first approaches

摘要

Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD) at its early stage failed to demonstrate the superiority compared with open pancreaticoduodenectomy(OPD) [1]. The well-known randomized trial, LEOPARD-2, was even terminated due to the safety issue [2], but recent researches [3,4] revealed that LPD is technically safe and feasible with acceptable rates of morbidity and mortality and therefore, gains popularity recently.