目前广泛使用的腮腺炎减毒活疫苗株有Jeryl Lynn株、Leningrad-3株以及它们的衍生株.疫苗的免疫效果为80%-100%,差异较其他同类疫苗大,可能的原因首先是这些病毒株是几个亚株形成的混合物.在某些疫苗生产用细胞上连续传代,亚株的比例会出现变化;但最近发现,人类HLA和免疫调节相关细胞因子及其受体基因多样性对腮腺炎疫苗接种效果有重要影响;有可能是以上两者结合导致了现阶段腮腺炎免疫效果的较大差异,而后者也许是更主要的原因.2004年以来,英国、美国和西班牙均发生了疫苗接种人群中的腮腺炎流行,疫苗的保护效果随时间而减弱是其主要原因.目前仍应遵照WHO的建议,提供及时的追加免疫机会以维持人群的免疫水平.%At present, Jeryl Lynn strain, Leningrad-3 strain and their derivatives have been widely used in live attenuated mumps virus vaccines. The reported immune efficacy of mumps vaccines is 80% ~ 100%. The diversity is greater than those of any other live attenuated virus vaccines, mostly because the above strains have been found to contain several different sub-strains. The proportion of the sub-strains may change when they are successively passaged in vitro, especially on cell substrates used for vaccine production. More recently, human leukocyte antigen and cytokine receptor gene polymorphisms are found to be associated with heterogeneous immune responses on mumps vaccines. Since 2004, mumps outbreaks have occurred in vaccinated populations in the United Kingdom, the United States and Spain. A waning of vaccine protection after implementation of a childhood immunization program has been identified as the main reason. The advice by WHO on strategies for achieving mumps elimination, including a catch-up vaccination in susceptible cohorts, still needs to be followed for keeping an immune level in healthy populations.
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